Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ai-min  HAO Ai-bing  GUO Hai-peng  LIU Jing-tao  ZHANG Er-yong  WANG Huang  WANG Xin-feng  WEN Xue-ru  ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.  相似文献   

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type     

Li‐Juan Du  Bo Li  Zhi‐Long Huang  Jun Chen  Jia‐Xi Zhou  Guo‐Fu Zou  Zai‐Fei Yan 《Resource Geology》2020,70(1):28-49

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.  相似文献   

SH波水平入射穿越垂直断层隧道动力响应分析     

杜修力  苏驰翔  黄景琦  王媛  赵密  欧阳文龙 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):269-280

结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动输入方法和显式有限元法，设计了含垂直断层三维场地的SH波输入方法。基于建立的输入方法，研究了垂直断层对隧道地震响应的影响，并通过自由场算例验证了该方法具有较好精度。数值模拟结果表明:对于断层迎波侧的隧道结构，断层会对其地震动响应产生显著的放大作用，对于断层逆波侧的隧道结构，断层会对其产生隔离地震动的作用；相对周围围岩，断层介质的剪切波速越小，其产生的放大效应和隔震效果也会越显著；断层宽度越小，其对隧道地震动响应的影响范围也就越小，但是断层宽度的变化对于断层两侧隧道的地震动响应的影响并不明显。  相似文献   

低周反复荷载下Q460钢材框架柱抗震性能分析     

刘宽  马煜东  黄娇  刘笑笑  苏佶智 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):535-554

为了进一步完善Q460钢材在抗震设计规范中相关限值的要求，本文利用有限元软件ABAQUS，以轴压比、翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比和壁板宽厚比为变量，建立了共48根“工”字型框架柱和“箱”型框架柱，分析了其抗震性能。结果表明:翼缘宽厚比对框架柱的能量耗散系数影响较小；能量耗散系数随轴压比、腹板高厚比（“工”字型）和壁板宽厚比（“箱”型）增大而明显减小；框架柱的极限承载力随轴压比的减小及壁板宽厚比和翼缘宽厚比的增大而逐渐增大，当腹板高厚比接近规范限值时，承载力下降趋势明显增大。与采用Q235钢材的框架柱相比，Q460钢材框架柱的延性较小，仅为2左右；当采用Q460钢材时，“工”字型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.03，“箱”型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.032。规范中对翼缘宽厚比限值的规定偏于保守，其值最大可取至9。无论是“工”字型框架柱还是“箱”型框架柱，其腹板高厚比均不宜过大。Q460钢材框架柱的刚度退化率随轴压比的增大而增强，且翼缘宽厚比越大，腹板高厚比越小，柱的初始刚度越大，刚度退化程度越明显。  相似文献   

Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Sediment Organic Carbon Mineralization Under Different Water Conditions in Coastal Wetland of a Subtropical Estuary     

Xiaojie Mou  Xingtu Liu  Zhigao Sun  Chuan Tong  Jiafang Huang  Siang Wan  Chun Wang  Bolong Wen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(3):400-410

The changes in soil organic carbon(C) mineralization as affected by anthropogenic disturbance directly determine the role of soils as C source or sink in the global C budget. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance(aquaculture pond, pollutant discharge and agricultural activity) on soil organic C mineralization under different water conditions in the Minjiang River estuary wetland, Southeast China. The results showed that the organic C mineralization in the wetland soils was significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions(P 0.001), and the interaction between human disturbance activities and water conditions was also significant(P 0.01). The C mineralization rate and the cumulative mineralized carbon dioxide-carbon(CO_2-C)(at the 49th day) ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Phragmites australis wetland soil aquaculture pond sediment soil near the discharge outlet rice paddy soil. This indicated that human disturbance inhibited the mineralization of C in soils of the Minjiang River estuary wetland, and the inhibition increased with the intensity of human disturbance. The data for cumulative mineralized CO_2-C showed a good fit(R~2 0.91) to the first-order kinetic model C_t = C_0(1 – exp(–kt)). The kinetic parameters C_0, k and C_0 k were significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions. In addition, the total amount of mineralized C(in 49 d) was positively related to C_0, C_0 k and electrical conductivity of soils. These findings indicated that anthropogenic disturbance suppressed the organic C mineralization potential in subtropical coastal wetland soils, and changes of water pattern as affected by human activities in the future would have a strong influence on C cycling in the subtropical estuarine wetlands.  相似文献   

超慢速扩张环境下超镁铁质岩系统的热液硫化物成矿机理以及启示     

曹红  孙治雷  刘昌岭  姜学钧  何拥军  黄威  尚鲁宁  王利波  张喜林  耿威  施美娟  李东义 《海洋学报》2018,40(4):61-75

西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析，矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物，且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变，大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中；这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主，其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝，缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断，该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应，地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%），Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%），而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）；微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似，明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。  相似文献   

Source-independent wave-equation based microseismic source location using traveltime inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Songqin Nong  Chao Huang  Liangguo Dong 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(2):100-109

A new source location method using wave-equation based traveltime inversion is proposed to locate microseismic events accurately. With a sourceindependent strategy, microseismic events can be located independently regardless of the accuracy of the source signature and the origin time. The traveltime-residuals-based misfit function has robust performance when the velocity model is inaccurate. The new Fréchet derivatives of the misfit function with respect to source location are derived directly based on the acoustic wave equation, accounting for the influence of geometrical perturbation and spatial velocity variation. Unlike the mostly used traveltime inversion methods, no traveltime picking or ray tracing is needed.Additionally, the improved scattering-integral method is applied to reduce the computational cost. Numerical tests show the validity of the proposed method.  相似文献   

Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans     

Nianzhi Jiao  Yantao Liang  Yongyu Zhang  Jihua Liu  Yao Zhang  Rui Zhang  Meixun Zhao  Minhan Dai  Weidong Zhai  Kunshan Gao  Jinming Song  Dongliang Yuan  Chao Li  Guanghui Lin  Xiaoping Huang  Hongqiang Yan  Limin Hu  Zenghu Zhang  Long Wang  Chunjie Cao  Yawei Luo  Tingwei Luo  Nannan Wang  Hongyue Dang  Dongxiao Wang  Si Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(11):1535-1563

The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km~2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr~(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr~(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr~(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr~(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr~(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr~(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr~(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr~(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr~(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area.  相似文献   

基于小型三维阵列的瞬态声源快速被动定位方法          下载免费PDF全文

黄时春  张焕强  蒋伟康 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(3):12-17

重物在落水和着底过程中都会产生瞬态声信号,这类信号可被运用于浅水区域水下目标定位。 针对浅水区域目标定位的问题,提出了一种基于小型立体五元基阵的瞬态声源快速被动定位算法。 在分析重物落水信号特征的基础上,选取合适的广义互相关加权函数求得传声器之间的声程差,运用快速最小二乘搜索算法进行声源定位。 结果表明:运用 5 传声器阵列可以同时兼顾定位精度和鲁棒性,且满足实时性要求,该方法可运用于浅水区域瞬态声源定位等领域。  相似文献   

作为体积目标的舰船辐射噪声建模          下载免费PDF全文

罗建  赵亚磊  黄仁可 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(1):38-42

舰船辐射噪声是由舰船上机械运转和舰船运动产生并辐射到水中的噪声，是水下目标探测系统对运动舰船进行探测、识别的基础，亦是扫雷装备需重构的重要物理场信息，具有重要的理论和应用价值。 基于舰船辐射噪声的来源和时频空域特点，将作为体积目标的舰船辐射噪声源简化为 3 个主要噪声辐射源，建立了“三亮点” 的体积目标辐射噪声模型，在保留目标主要特征的基础上，简化了重构算法的复杂性，提高了模型的实用性，可以为实验室目标探测、识别研究和扫雷装备提供较为逼真的目标数据来源。  相似文献